State and Class in Turkey keyword transnational empire The Making of New World The Making of New World Slavery argues that independent commerce Here is a definitive history of the social and cultural movement that knit a hugely disparate and isolated set of communities into a political identity and along the way created a racial group out of marginalized people who had been uncomfortably lumped together as Orientals Caglar Keyder provides the first genuinely radical text on the political economy of modern Turkey He recounts the way in which the rapid industrialization and urbanization transformed Turkey's social structure and shows how the severe economic difficulties of the late 1970s sparked off latent conflicts and led to the spread of fascist violence